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Government

The Political System of Poland

Poland is a parliamentary democracy, has two houses of parliament and a president. The Polish political system consists of state institutions, political parties, and the legislation in the form of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, statutory laws and the implementing acts and regulations.

Poland is governed by a mixed parliamentary and cabinet system. Power has traditionally been divided between the legislative authority (exercised by the Seym, Senate and, to a certain extent, the Constitutional Tribunal), the executive authority (the President, Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers), and the judicial authority (an independent judicial system, with general, administrative, and military courts).

During general parliamentary elections all adult citizens vote for specific political parties. These parties then take seats in the Seym and Senate depending on the number of votes cast for them during the election.

The last parliamentary elections, held in September 2005, brought victory to Law and Justice party (PiS; a right-wing party), which established a minority government under the leadership of Prime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz. The government enjoys support of: the League of Polish Families (LPR; a nationalist-conservative party), Self-Defense (a peasant party) and the Polish Peasant Party (PSL; a peasant party). Civic Platform (PO; a center-right party), which came second in the elections, is an opposition party.

After presidential elections held in Ocotber 2005, Lech Kaczynski, a candidate of Law and Justice, was elected as a new president of Poland. In the second round of elections he defeated Donald Tusk, a candidate of Civic Platform, by 8.08%. Lech Kaczynski replaced president Aleksander Kwasniewski in the office.

Source: Poland-Ukraine bid to host UEFA EURO 2012 (Phase I).

The Political System of Ukraine

Ukraine is a Parliamentary democracy, with separate legislative, executive and judicial powers. It has a single-chamber Parliament. Ukraine’s Constitution was adopted in June 1996. The Constitution defines Ukraine as a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, legal and Unitarian state. It guarantees, among other things, the principles of political, economic and ideological diversity; human and civil rights and freedoms; freedom of the press; the inviolability of private property and the right to conduct entrepreneurial activity.

The President is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. President Viktor Yuschenko was supported by a series of peaceful protests called the Orange Revolution. The protests overturned a fraudulent election for the Presidency in the winter of 2004-2005 and finally led to election of President Yuschenko on December 26, 2004. Julia Tymoszenko was appointed as the Prime Minister to the Ukrainian government in Fenruary 2005. Jurij Jechanurow is the present Prime Minister.

Source: Poland-Ukraine bid to host UEFA EURO 2012 (Phase I).

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